冠词分类
冠词共3类:
定冠词(the definite article)
不定冠词(the indefinite article)
零冠词(zero article)
冠词用法
不定冠词的用法
a 、an与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。
a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
举例说明
1)表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个。
I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书
I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。
2)表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。
3)不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
4)不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。
5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:
I want to read the story a second time .我想再读一遍这篇小说 。
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6)表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:
A mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。
7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:
Have a good time .过得高兴
8)一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:
-Mom, what shall we have for lunch?
-Jiaozi.
-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.
9)在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:
Lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.
10)不定冠词用于某些词组中:
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个" "这(那)些"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
以下为必须加定冠词的情形:
1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:
take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前:
He bought a house. I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:
The fox is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。
5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:
the rich 富人; the living 生者。
6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的东西。
7)在表示"...世纪...年代"的结构之前
He began to learn russian in the 1950s. 他在20世纪50年代开始学俄语 。
但注意:in one's 50s意为"在某人五十多岁时"。如:
He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.
8)在比较级的两种句型中:
①表示"越 ......,就越......"时。如:
The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。
② 表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。如:
There are two books on the table. i like the thicker one.
9)用在"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。如:
The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的背 。
10)在表示"计量单位"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:
The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付给工人工资 .
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11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:
the great wall(长城),the people's park(人民公园)等。
The people's republic of china 中华人民共和国
The united states 美国
12)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴.
The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。
14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
The greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
15)在方位名词之前,如:
in the best on the west
16)在某些短语中
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
口诀
泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。
1)泛指用a/ an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/ an。
2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。
3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/ an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词。
同步练习
1.there is _____ apple on the desk.
a. a b .the c. an d./
2.the girl under ____ tree is my sister.
a. a b .the c .an d./
3.mary is from _____ usa.
a. a b. the c. an d./
4.he met _____ friend of his on the road.
a. a b .the c .an d./
5.mr black will go back to england______.
a .by air b .by a plane c. by trains d. at a train
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6.yesterday i went to____ work on ____foot.
a. /, / b ./, the c .the, / d. the, the
7.there is ____“h” in the word “hour”, but____ “h”doesn’t make a sound.
a. a, a b. a, the c. the ,an d .an. the
8.i’m going to see my mother. she is ill ____.
a. in hospital b. in the hospital c. in a hospital d. at a hospital
9. we have three meals ____day. we have breakfast at 6:30 in ____morning every day.
a. the, the, the b. the, /, the c. a, /, the d .a, the, the
10.——this is____ film i’ve told you about several times.
——it’s great. i’ve never seen ___ more moving one.
a. a, a b. the, the c. the, a d. a, the
11.——tina,could you please play____ piano for me while i’m singing?
——with pleasure.
a .a b. an c. the d. /
12.i want to try again. please give me____ third chance again.
a .a b. the c. an d. /
13. ——what’s the matter with you?
——i caught____ bad cold and had to stay in____ bed.
a. a; / b. a; the c. a; a d. the; the
14.____ sun is shining brightly.
a. a b. an c. the d. /
15. swimming is____ in summer.
a. a great fun b. great fun c. great funs d. great a fun
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