1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子。如:
I’m a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom..
2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子。如:
I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
☆小结:
1)否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。
2)有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分开写。
3)没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。
4)上面三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。
3、一般疑问句:
是指询问事实的句子
此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
如:
Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
☆小结:
一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上:
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。
一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。
4、特殊疑问句:
以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
如:
What is this? It’s a computer.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:
how many(多少(数量)) how much(多少(钱)) how tall(多高)
how long(多长) how big(多大) how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小结:
how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have?
你有多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + can you see?
你能看见多少……?
How many + 名词复数 + are there…?
有多少……?
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