小学英语情态动词

{  情态动词详解及练习 }

语法专题详解

一、定义

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。

二、情态动词的种类:

 


三、情态动词的常见用法: 

1.cancould的用法

(1)can/could 表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could 为 can 的过去式。如:Can I use your book?我可以用你的书吗?

(2)can 用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用 can; could 用在疑问句中,比can 更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could 

Eg: -Could you tell me the way to the park?你能告诉我去公园的路吗?

-Sorry. I can't. I'm new here。不好意思,我不知道。我是新来的。

[注意]

①can 和could 只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态。

②另外, can't 可表示否定推测。

2.maymight的用法

may/might 意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。

might 是may 的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。

以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't

Eg: MayI use your book? 我可以用你用的书吗?

He might be alive. 他可能还活着。

【注意】

can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气。

3.mustshould

(1)must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。否定形式mustn't, 表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:

Eg:You mustn't drive after drinking。你绝不能酒后驾车。

must  have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。

②回答由must 引导的疑问句:

肯定回答Yes, …must. 如:

-Must I go home now?

-Yes, you must.

否定回答No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn't have to.

Eg:-Must I go home now?

 -No, you  needn't. 。

must 表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,

如:The man must be your teacher。那个人一定是你的老师。

(2)should意为“应当,应该”表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。否定形式为shouldn’t

Eg: You  should get up early.

You shouldn't eat too much sugar.

4.willwould

1)用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更委婉,更客气。

如:Will you please open the window?  

Would you like some coffee? 

2 would表示建议“你愿意…吗”

-Would you like to go shopping with me?

-Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.

[注意区别]

①I’d like+n. …  我想要…(接名词)

如:I’d like some water.

②I’d like to + v. …  我想要做…(接动词原形)

如:I’d like to go with Tom.

5shall用于第一人称 (I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “……好吗?

eg: ①Where shall we have dinner?

②-Shall we go fishing?                   -

- All right. \OK. \Good idea.

专项练习

.选择

1. It rained heavily,so we ___ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day.

A. could  B. had to  C. must

2. — May I  take the magazine out of the reading room?

— No,you can’t. You _________ read it here. It’s the rule.

A. must  B. would  C. may  D. might

3. -Dad,may I watch TV?

-No,you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.

     A. must  B. can  C. may

4.一Bob,shall we go and meet our new classmate?

一Sorry.I‘m busy now.But you____ ask David to go with you.He is free.

A.need  B.may  C.would  D.must

5. —Must I be home before eight o‘clock, Mum?

— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o‘clock.

A. needn‘t  B. can‘t  C. mustn‘t

6. —_________ I borrow your book?

—Sure. Here you are.

A. Must  B. May  C. Need  D. Will

7、—Shall we work on the farm ?

—_________ .

A. Yes,we do.      B. Yes, we shall.        C.All right.

.  用情态动词cancan'tmaymustneedn'tmustn'tshould填空。

1、----- Must I return the books tomorrow?

       ----- No, you ________ .

2、You ________ write more careful next time.

3、There will be no school tomorrow. You _______ come to school.

4、----- ________I come in?

       ----- Yes , please.

5、I am afraid that they ________ not like the idea.

6、----- ________ you answer the question in English?

      ----- No, I ________ .

7、Time is important. We ________ waste our time.

8、We ________ help each other in time of trouble. 

 参考答案:

.选择:BAAB  ABC

.

 

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